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Title: Bed roughness induced entrainment in a high Richardson number underflow Authored by: Fernandez, R.L. and Imberger, J. Abstract:
Field data, collected in a shallow underflow into a medium-sized reservoir, show that the dimensionless entrainment, E, is non-negligible at high Richardson numbers. For such underflow, the field data demonstrate that E is mainly dependent on the stress generated at the bottom, directly determined by the relative bed roughness and the properties of the current. The flow is shown to quickly reach a condition of normal flow where Ri is constant; the value of Ri being a strong function of the bottom slope. An entrainment law is presented, in terms of both ichardson number and bottom drag coefficient, written as E = E(Ri,CD), that shows good agreement with the values of E measured in the field.
Reference: Fernandez, R.L. and Imberger, J., 2006, Bed roughness induced entrainment in a high Richardson number underflow, Journal of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, , 44 (6): 725-738 Keywords: Entrainment, underflow, drag coefficient, Richardson number, buoyancy, relative roughness, normal flow.
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